[PATCH net v3 0/3] ieee802154: ca8210: fix stack and slab out-of-bounds accesses

[PATCH net v3 0/3] ieee802154: ca8210: fix stack and slab out-of-bounds accesses

[Hui Peng]

This series fixes three out-of-bounds access bugs in the Cascoda CA8210
IEEE 802.15.4 driver:

1. Reject received SPI packets with len > sizeof(struct mac_message) in
   ca8210_rx_done() instead of checking len > CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE (256),
   preventing a stack buffer overflow when copying a synchronous response
   into priv->sync_command_response (a struct mac_message on the caller's
   stack) and matching the actual SPI transfer length
   (cas_ctl->transfer.len = sizeof(struct mac_message)).
2. Initialize lenvar = 1 in ca8210_get_ed() and validate
   hw_attribute_length against *hw_attribute_length in
   hwme_get_request_sync() before memcpy() to prevent overflowing the
   caller's stack buffer.
3. Validate the received SPI frame length len upfront at the start of
   ca8210_skb_rx() before reading data_ind or allocating the skb.

Changes in v3:
- Patch 1/3: Check len > sizeof(struct mac_message) in ca8210_rx_done()
  where dev_crit() logs "Received packet len (%u) erroneously long" and
  drops the packet, instead of silently truncating the memcpy() with
  min_t(), addressing David Laight's feedback.

Changes in v2:
- Split the ca8210 fixes into three single-issue patches (1/3..3/3) and
  addressed Miquel Raynal's review comments on patches 2/3 and 3/3.

Hui Peng (3):
  ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in ca8210_rx_done()
  ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in
    hwme_get_request_sync()
  ieee802154: ca8210: validate data_ind length upfront in
    ca8210_skb_rx()

 drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

-- 
2.49.0

[PATCH net v3 1/3] ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in ca8210_rx_done()

[Hui Peng]

In ca8210_spi_transfer(), each SPI transfer reads
sizeof(struct mac_message) bytes into cas_ctl->tx_in_buf:

  cas_ctl->transfer.len = sizeof(struct mac_message);

However, ca8210_rx_done() only checks the received packet length
len = buf[1] + 2 against CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE (256). When buf[0] & SPI_SYN
is set and priv->sync_command_response is non-NULL, memcpy() copies up to
256 bytes into priv->sync_command_response, which points to a
struct mac_message object on the synchronous caller's stack, overflowing
the stack buffer:

  BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in ca8210_rx_done+0x117/0x6c0
  Write of size 256 at addr ffff8881009e7c40 by task swapper/0/1
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   dump_stack_lvl+0x70/0xa0
   print_report+0x153/0x4c6
   kasan_report+0xf1/0x120
   kasan_check_range+0x125/0x200
   __asan_memcpy+0x3c/0x60
   ca8210_rx_done+0x117/0x6c0
  ...
  This frame has 1 object:
   [32, 182) 'response'

Check len > sizeof(struct mac_message) instead of
len > CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE in ca8210_rx_done() so that any packet exceeding
sizeof(struct mac_message) is logged as erroneously long via dev_crit()
and dropped before copying into priv->sync_command_response or passing it
to ca8210_net_rx().

Tested in QEMU with KASAN enabled by passing a 256-byte SPI_SYN response
into ca8210_rx_done().

Fixes: ded845a781a5 ("ieee802154: Add CA8210 IEEE 802.15.4 device driver")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Hui Peng <benquike@gmail.com>
---
Changes in v3:
- Check len > sizeof(struct mac_message) at the top of ca8210_rx_done()
  where dev_crit() logs the error and drops the packet instead of silently
  truncating memcpy() with min_t(), addressing David Laight's feedback.

Changes in v2:
- Split the ca8210 fixes into three single-issue patches (1/3..3/3).

 drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
index 01af4f9..a990a0f 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ static void ca8210_rx_done(struct cas_control *cas_ctl)
 
 	buf = cas_ctl->tx_in_buf;
 	len = buf[1] + 2;
-	if (len > CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE) {
+	if (len > sizeof(struct mac_message)) {
 		dev_crit(
 			&priv->spi->dev,
 			"Received packet len (%u) erroneously long\n",
-- 
2.49.0

[PATCH net v3 2/3] ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in hwme_get_request_sync()

[Hui Peng]

In ca8210_get_ed(), an uninitialized u8 lenvar and a pointer to a 1-byte
stack buffer (u8 *level) are passed to hwme_get_request_sync(), which
unconditionally copies response.pdata.hwme_get_cnf.hw_attribute_length
bytes into hw_attribute_value without checking the caller's destination
buffer capacity, overflowing level on the stack when hw_attribute_length
exceeds 1:

  BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in hwme_get_request_sync.constprop.0.isra.0+0xf3/0x170
  Write of size 16 at addr ffff888001907780 by task init/1
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   dump_stack_lvl+0x70/0xa0
   print_report+0x153/0x4c6
   kasan_report+0xf1/0x120
   kasan_check_range+0x125/0x200
   __asan_memcpy+0x3c/0x60
   hwme_get_request_sync.constprop.0.isra.0+0xf3/0x170
   ca8210_get_ed+0x9c/0xf0
  ...
  The buggy address belongs to stack of task init/1
   and is located at offset 48 in frame:
   ca8210_get_ed+0x0/0xf0
  This frame has 2 objects:
   [48, 49) 'level'
   [64, 65) 'lenvar'

Initialize lenvar = 1 in ca8210_get_ed() and return
IEEE802154_SYSTEM_ERROR in hwme_get_request_sync() if
response.pdata.hwme_get_cnf.hw_attribute_length exceeds
*hw_attribute_length.

Tested in QEMU with KASAN enabled by passing an oversized
hw_attribute_length response into ca8210_get_ed().

Fixes: ded845a781a5 ("ieee802154: Add CA8210 IEEE 802.15.4 device driver")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Hui Peng <benquike@gmail.com>
---
Changes in v3:
- No changes.

Changes in v2:
- Split out as patch 2/3.
- Replaced the temporary stack buffer in ca8210_get_ed() with lenvar = 1
  and an upper-bound check against *hw_attribute_length in
  hwme_get_request_sync() as requested by Miquel Raynal.

 drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
index a990a0f..8aa7ffe 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
@@ -1677,6 +1677,9 @@ static u8 hwme_get_request_sync(
 		return IEEE802154_SYSTEM_ERROR;
 
 	if (response.pdata.hwme_get_cnf.status == IEEE802154_SUCCESS) {
+		if (response.pdata.hwme_get_cnf.hw_attribute_length >
+		    *hw_attribute_length)
+			return IEEE802154_SYSTEM_ERROR;
 		*hw_attribute_length =
 			response.pdata.hwme_get_cnf.hw_attribute_length;
 		memcpy(
@@ -2027,7 +2030,7 @@ static int ca8210_xmit_async(struct ieee802154_hw *hw, struct sk_buff *skb)
  */
 static int ca8210_get_ed(struct ieee802154_hw *hw, u8 *level)
 {
-	u8 lenvar;
+	u8 lenvar = 1;
 	struct ca8210_priv *priv = hw->priv;
 
 	return link_to_linux_err(

Re: [PATCH net v3 2/3] ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in hwme_get_request_sync()

[netdev-bot+sashiko]

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found more severe
issue(s) in other patches of this series. This mail is only an FYI, in case
you want to address the nit picks below when you respin.

Low priority / nit picks for your consideration:

- [Low] The commit message reads as if the stack overflow in
  ca8210_get_ed()/hwme_get_request_sync() can happen at runtime.
- [Low] The patch turns `hw_attribute_length` in hwme_get_request_sync()
  into an in/out parameter, but the kernel-doc was not updated.

Pre-existing issues:
- [High] This problem wasn't introduced by this patch, but it is a real
  memory-safety race in the same sync-exchange path.

--

ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in hwme_get_request_sync()

This patch initializes lenvar to 1 in ca8210_get_ed(). It also makes
hwme_get_request_sync() return IEEE802154_SYSTEM_ERROR when the device
reports an hw_attribute_length larger than the caller's buffer. The goal
is to stop a stack overflow of the 1-byte level buffer in ca8210_get_ed().

> In ca8210_get_ed(), an uninitialized u8 lenvar and a pointer to a 1-byte
> stack buffer (u8 *level) are passed to hwme_get_request_sync(), which
> unconditionally copies response.pdata.hwme_get_cnf.hw_attribute_length
> bytes into hw_attribute_value without checking the caller's destination
> buffer capacity, overflowing level on the stack when hw_attribute_length
> exceeds 1:
>
>   BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in hwme_get_request_sync.constprop.0.isra.0+0xf3/0x170
>   Write of size 16 at addr ffff888001907780 by task init/1

[ ... ]

> Tested in QEMU with KASAN enabled by passing an oversized
> hw_attribute_length response into ca8210_get_ed().
>
> Fixes: ded845a781a5 ("ieee802154: Add CA8210 IEEE 802.15.4 device driver")
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

[Severity: Low]
Can this overflow actually be reached at runtime? The commit message reads
as if it describes live stack corruption. It shows a splat from task init/1
and carries a stable tag.

hwme_get_request_sync() is static. Its only caller is ca8210_get_ed(), and
ca8210_get_ed() is only referenced as the .ed callback in ca8210_phy_ops:

	.ed = ca8210_get_ed,

As far as I can tell, mac802154 never calls ops->ed. The only reference is
the NULL check in ieee802154_alloc_hw():

net/mac802154/main.c:ieee802154_alloc_hw() {
	...
	if (WARN_ON(!ops || !(ops->xmit_async || ops->xmit_sync) || !ops->ed ||
	...
}

nl802154_trigger_scan() also accepts only NL802154_SCAN_ACTIVE and
NL802154_SCAN_PASSIVE. So an energy-detection scan from userspace can't
get there either.

Even if there were a caller, the device would have to answer
HWME_GET(HWME_EDVALUE) with hw_attribute_length > 1.

Could the commit message say that the .ed op is not currently invoked, and
that a misbehaving CA8210 would be needed? That would help maintainers
choose between net and net-next, and decide whether a stable backport is
needed.

> diff --git a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
> index a990a0f347ad..8aa7ffeb22d7 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
> @@ -1677,6 +1677,9 @@ static u8 hwme_get_request_sync(
>  		return IEEE802154_SYSTEM_ERROR;
>  
>  	if (response.pdata.hwme_get_cnf.status == IEEE802154_SUCCESS) {
> +		if (response.pdata.hwme_get_cnf.hw_attribute_length >
> +		    *hw_attribute_length)
> +			return IEEE802154_SYSTEM_ERROR;

[Severity: Low]
Should the kernel-doc for hwme_get_request_sync() be updated too?

*hw_attribute_length is now read as the size of hw_attribute_value, and
then overwritten with the copied length. That makes it an in/out
parameter. The comment still says:

 * @hw_attribute_length: Attribute length
 ...
 * Return: 802.15.4 status code of HWME-GET.confirm

Before this patch the argument was only written, which is why
ca8210_get_ed() could pass an uninitialized lenvar. A future caller that
follows the kernel-doc and does the same would compare against a random
value, and the overflow would come back.

The only caller meets the new requirement with a bare "u8 lenvar = 1;".
Nothing ties that 1 to sizeof(*level).

The Return: text is now also wrong in one more case. This
IEEE802154_SYSTEM_ERROR comes from the driver, not from the device's
confirm, and link_to_linux_err() maps it to -EPROTO. Two older
SYSTEM_ERROR returns had already made that text inaccurate.

>  		*hw_attribute_length =
>  			response.pdata.hwme_get_cnf.hw_attribute_length;
>  		memcpy(

[Severity: High]
This isn't a bug introduced by this patch, but there seems to be a race in
the sync exchange path that this length check can't protect against.

priv->sync_command_response is per-device state shared by all sync
callers, and no lock covers it. ca8210_spi_exchange() publishes the
caller's stack buffer, waits interruptibly with a timeout, and then clears
the pointer:

drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c:ca8210_spi_exchange() {
	...
	if ((buf[0] & SPI_SYN) && response) { /* if sync wait for confirm */
		reinit_completion(&priv->sync_exchange_complete);
		priv->sync_command_response = response;
	}
	...
cleanup:
	priv->sync_command_response = NULL;
	return status;
}

ca8210_rx_done() runs from the SPI completion callback
ca8210_spi_transfer_complete(). It tests the pointer and then copies into
it, with no lock:

drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c:ca8210_rx_done() {
	...
	if (buf[0] & SPI_SYN) {
		if (priv->sync_command_response) {
			memcpy(priv->sync_command_response, buf, len);
			complete(&priv->sync_exchange_complete);
	...
}

Suppose the waiter gets -ERESTARTSYS or -ETIME after ca8210_rx_done() has
loaded the non-NULL pointer but before the memcpy. Can that memcpy then
write into the stack frame of a caller that has already returned from
hwme_get_request_sync()?

Sync exchanges also don't appear to be serialized.
ca8210_mlme_reset_worker() calls mlme_reset_request_sync() from a
workqueue without rtnl, and ca8210_rx_done() queues it on
TRANSACTION_OVERFLOW. It can run at the same time as rtnl-held
ieee802154_ops callbacks such as set_channel or set_txpower, which also
use the *_request_sync() helpers.

Could two callers overwrite each other's response pointer, or consume each
other's completion? One caller would get the other command's confirm. The
other would either time out or return with its response buffer untouched,
because hwme_get_request_sync() doesn't preset command_id.

Would it make sense to serialize sync exchanges with a mutex? The handoff
of the response buffer would also need to be synchronized against
ca8210_rx_done(). Ideally, the confirm ID would also be checked against
the request that was issued.

[ ... ]

-- 
Sashiko AI review · https://netdev-ai.bots.linux.dev/sashiko/#/patchset/20260924062244.2444225-1-benquike%40gmail.com

[PATCH net v3 3/3] ieee802154: ca8210: validate data_ind length upfront in ca8210_skb_rx()

[Hui Peng]

In ca8210_skb_rx(), data_ind is read at offsets 22 (msdulen), 23
(mpdulinkquality), 29 + msdulen (hdr.sec.level), 30..39 + msdulen
(security header), and 29 .. 29 + msdulen (payload) without verifying
that the received SPI frame length len covers those offsets, causing an
out-of-bounds read when msdulen exceeds len - 30:

  BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in ca8210_skb_rx.constprop.0.isra.0+0x137/0x160
  Read of size 64 at addr ffff888006453ddd by task init/1
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   dump_stack_lvl+0x70/0xa0
   print_report+0x153/0x4c6
   kasan_report+0xf1/0x120
   kasan_check_range+0x125/0x200
   __asan_memcpy+0x23/0x60
   ca8210_skb_rx.constprop.0.isra.0+0x137/0x160
   ca8210_net_rx+0x96/0xc0
  ...
  The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888006453dc0
   which belongs to the cache kmalloc-32 of size 32
  The buggy address is located 29 bytes inside of
   allocated 32-byte region [ffff888006453dc0, ffff888006453de0)

Consolidate all length and msdulen validations into a single upfront check
at the beginning of ca8210_skb_rx() before allocating the skb.

Tested in QEMU with KASAN enabled by passing a short data_ind buffer with
msdulen = 64 and len = 30 into ca8210_skb_rx().

Fixes: ded845a781a5 ("ieee802154: Add CA8210 IEEE 802.15.4 device driver")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Hui Peng <benquike@gmail.com>
---
Changes in v3:
- No changes.

Changes in v2:
- Split out as patch 3/3.
- Consolidated all length checks in ca8210_skb_rx() into a single place
  at the beginning of the function before dev_alloc_skb() and dropped the
  unrelated hdr.seq assignment as requested by Miquel Raynal.

 drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
index 8aa7ffe..ab245ad 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
@@ -1758,19 +1758,15 @@ static int ca8210_skb_rx(
 	u8                    *data_ind
 )
 {
-	struct ieee802154_hdr hdr;
+	struct ieee802154_hdr hdr = { };
 	int msdulen;
 	int hlen;
-	u8 mpdulinkquality = data_ind[23];
+	u8 mpdulinkquality;
 	struct sk_buff *skb;
 	struct ca8210_priv *priv = hw->priv;
 
-	/* Allocate mtu size buffer for every rx packet */
-	skb = dev_alloc_skb(IEEE802154_MTU + sizeof(hdr));
-	if (!skb)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	skb_reserve(skb, sizeof(hdr));
+	if (len < 30)
+		return -EMSGSIZE;
 
 	msdulen = data_ind[22]; /* msdu_length */
 	if (msdulen > IEEE802154_MTU) {
@@ -1778,9 +1774,25 @@ static int ca8210_skb_rx(
 			&priv->spi->dev,
 			"received erroneously large msdu length!\n"
 		);
-		kfree_skb(skb);
 		return -EMSGSIZE;
 	}
+
+	if (len < 30 + msdulen ||
+	    (!priv->promiscuous && data_ind[29 + msdulen] > 0 &&
+	     len < 29 + msdulen + sizeof(struct secspec))) {
+		dev_err(&priv->spi->dev,
+			"received truncated data indication!\n");
+		return -EMSGSIZE;
+	}
+
+	mpdulinkquality = data_ind[23];
+
+	/* Allocate mtu size buffer for every rx packet */
+	skb = dev_alloc_skb(IEEE802154_MTU + sizeof(hdr));
+	if (!skb)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	skb_reserve(skb, sizeof(hdr));
 	dev_dbg(&priv->spi->dev, "skb buffer length = %d\n", msdulen);
 
 	if (priv->promiscuous)

Re: [PATCH net v3 3/3] ieee802154: ca8210: validate data_ind length upfront in ca8210_skb_rx()

[netdev-bot+sashiko]

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 4 potential
issue(s) to consider.

Critical: 0 · High: 1 · Medium: 2 · Low: 1

If you believe none of the issues are legitimate, please reply to each
issue of Medium severity or higher and explain why the AI is wrong.
If any of them are legitimate and you plan to respin, please let patchwork
know by including "pw-bot: cr" as a separate line at the end of your reply
(one such reply per series is enough).

- [High] ieee802154: ca8210: TOCTOU race on priv->promiscuous allows OOB
  read
- [Medium] The commit message overstates the impact.
- [Medium] The new upfront length check in ca8210_skb_rx() does not cover
  the first read of the MCPS-DATA.indication fields.
- [Low] The patch changes `struct ieee802154_hdr hdr;` to `struct
  ieee802154_hdr hdr = { };` in ca8210_skb_rx()…

--

ieee802154: ca8210: validate data_ind length upfront in ca8210_skb_rx()

This patch moves the length checks in ca8210_skb_rx() to the start of the
function, ahead of the skb allocation. It adds a minimum length check, a
check that len covers the msdu, and a check that len covers the security
header. It also zero-initialises the on-stack struct ieee802154_hdr.

>     In ca8210_skb_rx(), data_ind is read at offsets 22 (msdulen), 23
>     (mpdulinkquality), 29 + msdulen (hdr.sec.level), 30..39 + msdulen
>     (security header), and 29 .. 29 + msdulen (payload) without verifying
>     that the received SPI frame length len covers those offsets, causing an
>     out-of-bounds read when msdulen exceeds len - 30:
>
>       BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in ca8210_skb_rx.constprop.0.isra.0+0x137/0x160
>       Read of size 64 at addr ffff888006453ddd by task init/1

[ ... ]

>       The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888006453dc0
>        which belongs to the cache kmalloc-32 of size 32

[Severity: Medium]
Can the real driver produce this slab-out-of-bounds read? The only caller
of ca8210_skb_rx() is ca8210_net_rx(), which gets its buffer from
ca8210_rx_done():

drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c:ca8210_rx_done() {
    ...
	buf = cas_ctl->tx_in_buf;
	len = buf[1] + 2;
    ...
	ca8210_net_rx(priv->hw, buf, len);
    ...
}

ca8210_net_rx() then does:

	return ca8210_skb_rx(hw, len - 2, command + 2);

tx_in_buf is a fixed u8 tx_in_buf[CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE] (256 bytes) that
sits inside struct cas_control. It is memset to SPI_IDLE before each
transfer.

msdulen is already capped at IEEE802154_MTU (127). So the highest byte
ca8210_skb_rx() can touch is tx_in_buf[2 + 39 + 127], which is inside the
object.

The kmalloc-32 splat seems to come from the test harness passing a 32-byte
buffer directly into ca8210_skb_rx(). The underlying problem looks like
missing validation of a truncated MCPS-DATA.indication, not a read outside
the allocation.

With Cc: stable attached, could the commit message describe the real
impact more precisely, so stable and CVE triage are not misled?

> diff --git a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
> index 8aa7ffeb22d7..ab245add9ff5 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
> @@ -1758,19 +1758,15 @@ static int ca8210_skb_rx(
>  	u8                    *data_ind
>  )
>  {
> -	struct ieee802154_hdr hdr;
> +	struct ieee802154_hdr hdr = { };

[Severity: Low]
This isn't a bug, but this change in behaviour isn't mentioned in the
commit message.

ieee802154_hdr_push() writes hdr->seq and the full 2-byte frame control
into the skb:

net/ieee802154/header_ops.c:ieee802154_hdr_push() {
    ...
	buf[pos++] = hdr->seq;
    ...
	memcpy(buf, fc, 2);

	memcpy(skb_push(skb, pos), buf, pos);
    ...
}

ca8210_skb_rx() never sets hdr.seq, fc.ack_request, fc.frame_pending, the
reserved fc bits or sec.frame_counter. Before this patch, uninitialised
stack bytes ended up in the reconstructed MAC header of every
non-promiscuous received frame. After this patch those fields are always
zero, so seq is 0 for every frame.

The v2 changelog says the hdr.seq assignment was dropped as unrelated.
Could this initialisation either get its own patch or be described in
this commit message? Otherwise a backporter might drop it as unrelated
and bring the stack data leak back.

>  	int msdulen;
>  	int hlen;
> -	u8 mpdulinkquality = data_ind[23];
> +	u8 mpdulinkquality;
>  	struct sk_buff *skb;
>  	struct ca8210_priv *priv = hw->priv;
>  
> -	/* Allocate mtu size buffer for every rx packet */
> -	skb = dev_alloc_skb(IEEE802154_MTU + sizeof(hdr));
> -	if (!skb)
> -		return -ENOMEM;
> -
> -	skb_reserve(skb, sizeof(hdr));
> +	if (len < 30)
> +		return -EMSGSIZE;

[Severity: Medium]
This check runs only after the caller has already read and stored a
data_ind field. Is the upfront validation complete?

ca8210_rx_done() sets len = buf[1] + 2 and checks only an upper bound.
ca8210_net_rx() then reads the DSN (data_ind[24]) before any length check:

drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c:ca8210_net_rx() {
    ...
	if (command[0] == SPI_MCPS_DATA_INDICATION) {
		spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
		if (command[26] == priv->last_dsn) {
			...
			return 0;
		}
		priv->last_dsn = command[26];
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
		return ca8210_skb_rx(hw, len - 2, command + 2);
    ...
}

Suppose the device sends a truncated indication with buf[1] < 25. Then
command[26] is stale data or SPI_IDLE filler. It gets stored in
priv->last_dsn, and ca8210_skb_rx() then rejects the frame with -EMSGSIZE.

Wouldn't the next valid frame whose DSN matches that byte be silently
dropped as a resend? Should the minimum length check move ahead of the
command[26] access in ca8210_net_rx()?

>  
>  	msdulen = data_ind[22]; /* msdu_length */
>  	if (msdulen > IEEE802154_MTU) {

[ ... ]

> @@ -1778,9 +1774,25 @@ static int ca8210_skb_rx(
>  			&priv->spi->dev,
>  			"received erroneously large msdu length!\n"
>  		);
> -		kfree_skb(skb);
>  		return -EMSGSIZE;
>  	}
> +
> +	if (len < 30 + msdulen ||
> +	    (!priv->promiscuous && data_ind[29 + msdulen] > 0 &&
> +	     len < 29 + msdulen + sizeof(struct secspec))) {
> +		dev_err(&priv->spi->dev,
> +			"received truncated data indication!\n");
> +		return -EMSGSIZE;
> +	}
> +
> +	mpdulinkquality = data_ind[23];
> +
> +	/* Allocate mtu size buffer for every rx packet */
> +	skb = dev_alloc_skb(IEEE802154_MTU + sizeof(hdr));
> +	if (!skb)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +	skb_reserve(skb, sizeof(hdr));
>  	dev_dbg(&priv->spi->dev, "skb buffer length = %d\n", msdulen);
>  
>  	if (priv->promiscuous)
>

[Severity: High]
Can priv->promiscuous change between the new truncation check and the
later promiscuous test that jumps to copy_payload?

With this patch ca8210_skb_rx() reads priv->promiscuous twice. The
first read decides whether the secspec length condition is applied. The
second read decides whether the security header is parsed:

	hdr.sec.level = data_ind[29 + msdulen];
	if (hdr.sec.level > 0) {
		hdr.sec.key_id_mode = data_ind[30 + msdulen];
		memcpy(&hdr.sec.extended_src, &data_ind[31 + msdulen], 8);
		hdr.sec.key_id = data_ind[39 + msdulen];
	}

ca8210_set_promiscuous_mode() writes priv->promiscuous from the
mac802154 .set_promiscuous_mode callback without taking priv->lock.
ca8210_skb_rx() does not hold priv->lock either, because
ca8210_net_rx() drops it before the call. The two reads are also
separated by dev_alloc_skb() and dev_dbg(), so the compiler has to
reload the field.

Suppose promiscuous mode is switched off between the two reads, and
the frame has len == 30 + msdulen and a non-zero security level. The
frame passes the new check with the secspec condition skipped. It then
falls through into the security header parsing, which reads
data_ind[30 + msdulen] .. data_ind[39 + msdulen]. That is up to 10
bytes past len, and those stale bytes end up in the MAC header pushed
onto the skb. This is exactly the access the new check is meant to
prevent.

Would it be better to sample the flag once, for example with a local
bool promiscuous = READ_ONCE(priv->promiscuous) at the top of the
function? That local could then be used for both the length check and
the goto to copy_payload.

-- 
Sashiko AI review · https://netdev-ai.bots.linux.dev/sashiko/#/patchset/20260924062244.2444225-1-benquike%40gmail.com

[PATCH net v3 0/3] ieee802154: ca8210: fix stack and slab out-of-bounds accesses

[Hui Peng]

This series fixes three out-of-bounds access bugs in the Cascoda CA8210
IEEE 802.15.4 driver:

1. Reject received SPI packets with len > sizeof(struct mac_message) in
   ca8210_rx_done() instead of checking len > CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE (256),
   preventing a stack buffer overflow when copying a synchronous response
   into priv->sync_command_response (a struct mac_message on the caller's
   stack) and matching the actual SPI transfer length
   (cas_ctl->transfer.len = sizeof(struct mac_message)).
2. Initialize lenvar = 1 in ca8210_get_ed() and validate
   hw_attribute_length against *hw_attribute_length in
   hwme_get_request_sync() before memcpy() to prevent overflowing the
   caller's stack buffer.
3. Validate the received SPI frame length len upfront at the start of
   ca8210_skb_rx() before reading data_ind or allocating the skb.

Changes in v3:
- Patch 1/3: Check len > sizeof(struct mac_message) in ca8210_rx_done()
  where dev_crit() logs "Received packet len (%u) erroneously long" and
  drops the packet, instead of silently truncating the memcpy() with
  min_t(), addressing David Laight's feedback.

Changes in v2:
- Split the ca8210 fixes into three single-issue patches (1/3..3/3) and
  addressed Miquel Raynal's review comments on patches 2/3 and 3/3.

Hui Peng (3):
  ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in ca8210_rx_done()
  ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in
    hwme_get_request_sync()
  ieee802154: ca8210: validate data_ind length upfront in
    ca8210_skb_rx()

 drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

-- 
2.49.0

[PATCH net v3 1/3] ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in ca8210_rx_done()

[Hui Peng]

In ca8210_spi_transfer(), each SPI transfer reads
sizeof(struct mac_message) bytes into cas_ctl->tx_in_buf:

  cas_ctl->transfer.len = sizeof(struct mac_message);

However, ca8210_rx_done() only checks the received packet length
len = buf[1] + 2 against CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE (256). When buf[0] & SPI_SYN
is set and priv->sync_command_response is non-NULL, memcpy() copies up to
256 bytes into priv->sync_command_response, which points to a
struct mac_message object on the synchronous caller's stack, overflowing
the stack buffer:

  BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in ca8210_rx_done+0x117/0x6c0
  Write of size 256 at addr ffff8881009e7c40 by task swapper/0/1
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   dump_stack_lvl+0x70/0xa0
   print_report+0x153/0x4c6
   kasan_report+0xf1/0x120
   kasan_check_range+0x125/0x200
   __asan_memcpy+0x3c/0x60
   ca8210_rx_done+0x117/0x6c0
  ...
  This frame has 1 object:
   [32, 182) 'response'

Check len > sizeof(struct mac_message) instead of
len > CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE in ca8210_rx_done() so that any packet exceeding
sizeof(struct mac_message) is logged as erroneously long via dev_crit()
and dropped before copying into priv->sync_command_response or passing it
to ca8210_net_rx().

Tested in QEMU with KASAN enabled by passing a 256-byte SPI_SYN response
into ca8210_rx_done().

Fixes: ded845a781a5 ("ieee802154: Add CA8210 IEEE 802.15.4 device driver")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Hui Peng <benquike@gmail.com>
---
Changes in v3:
- Check len > sizeof(struct mac_message) at the top of ca8210_rx_done()
  where dev_crit() logs the error and drops the packet instead of silently
  truncating memcpy() with min_t(), addressing David Laight's feedback.

Changes in v2:
- Split the ca8210 fixes into three single-issue patches (1/3..3/3).

 drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
index 01af4f9..a990a0f 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ static void ca8210_rx_done(struct cas_control *cas_ctl)
 
 	buf = cas_ctl->tx_in_buf;
 	len = buf[1] + 2;
-	if (len > CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE) {
+	if (len > sizeof(struct mac_message)) {
 		dev_crit(
 			&priv->spi->dev,
 			"Received packet len (%u) erroneously long\n",
-- 
2.49.0

Re: [PATCH net v3 1/3] ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in ca8210_rx_done()

[netdev-bot+sashiko]

Thank you for your contribution! Sashiko AI review found 1 potential
issue(s) to consider.

Critical: 0 · High: 1 (2) · Medium: 0 · Low: 0 (1)

If you believe none of the issues are legitimate, please reply to each
issue of Medium severity or higher and explain why the AI is wrong.
If any of them are legitimate and you plan to respin, please let patchwork
know by including "pw-bot: cr" as a separate line at the end of your reply
(one such reply per series is enough).

- [High] ieee802154: ca8210: dropped Rx frames and log flood DoS due to
  length limit

Pre-existing issues:
- [High] priv->sync_command_response is a plain pointer to a synchronous
  caller's on-stack struct mac_message, and nothing synchronizes access…
- [High] ca8210_rx_done() calls msleep(2000) (line 718) and then
  kmalloc_obj(*mlme_reset_wpc) (line 723, default GFP_KERNEL) when it…
- [Low] Baseline decision: not reported (preexisting, low impact, outside
  the bug class the commit claims to fix).

--

ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in ca8210_rx_done()

This patch changes the length check in ca8210_rx_done() so that it compares
against sizeof(struct mac_message) instead of CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE. A
response that is too long is now logged and dropped. It is no longer copied
into the synchronous caller's on-stack response buffer or passed to
ca8210_net_rx().

> diff --git a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
> index 01af4f9cf7f29..a990a0f347ad8 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
> @@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ static void ca8210_rx_done(struct cas_control *cas_ctl)
>  
>  	buf = cas_ctl->tx_in_buf;
>  	len = buf[1] + 2;
> -	if (len > CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE) {
> +	if (len > sizeof(struct mac_message)) {
>  		dev_crit(
>  			&priv->spi->dev,
>  			"Received packet len (%u) erroneously long\n",

[Severity: High]
Does this new limit also drop legitimate MCPS-DATA.indication frames?

The check sits at the top of ca8210_rx_done(), so it applies to every
message from the device. It is not limited to the synchronous responses
that get copied into priv->sync_command_response.

ca8210_net_rx() passes SPI_MCPS_DATA_INDICATION payloads to
ca8210_skb_rx() as buf + 2. ca8210_skb_rx() then reads the security
spec that follows the MSDU:

	hdr.sec.level = data_ind[29 + msdulen];
	...
	if (hdr.sec.level > 0) {
		hdr.sec.key_id_mode = data_ind[30 + msdulen];
		memcpy(&hdr.sec.extended_src, &data_ind[31 + msdulen], 8);
		hdr.sec.key_id = data_ind[39 + msdulen];
	}

That makes a full indication 42 + msdulen bytes. With a 127-byte MSDU
(IEEE802154_MTU), the device reports len = 169. That is larger than
sizeof(struct mac_message), which is 150 according to the KASAN report
in the changelog. If I read this right, any received frame with more
than 108 bytes of payload is now discarded.

Each dropped frame also triggers a dev_crit() with no rate limiting.
Anyone in radio range can send long frames, so a remote peer could
flood the kernel log this way. Should this at least use
dev_crit_ratelimited() or dev_err_ratelimited()?

ca8210_spi_transfer() only clocks in sizeof(struct mac_message) bytes.
So before this patch, the tail of a long indication may already have
come from stale tx_in_buf contents.

Would it be better to keep the generic limit here, and check against
sizeof(struct mac_message) only before the memcpy() into
priv->sync_command_response? Or should the transfer length be sized to
cover the largest MCPS-DATA.indication? Either way, dropping long data
frames on stable kernels looks like a regression worth avoiding.

[Severity: High]
This is a pre-existing issue, but since this patch is about the memcpy()
into priv->sync_command_response, can the pointer itself go stale?

Later in ca8210_rx_done(), the pointer is checked and then written through.
No lock or barrier protects it:

drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c:ca8210_rx_done() {
    ...
	if (buf[0] & SPI_SYN) {
		if (priv->sync_command_response) {
			memcpy(priv->sync_command_response, buf, len);
			complete(&priv->sync_exchange_complete);
    ...
}

ca8210_spi_exchange() stores a pointer to the caller's stack buffer. It
then waits with an interruptible timeout. On timeout or signal, it clears
the pointer and returns:

drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c:ca8210_spi_exchange() {
    ...
		priv->sync_command_response = response;
    ...
	wait_remaining = wait_for_completion_interruptible_timeout(
		&priv->sync_exchange_complete,
		msecs_to_jiffies(CA8210_SYNC_TIMEOUT)
	);
    ...
cleanup:
	priv->sync_command_response = NULL;
	return status;
}

Suppose the device response arrives just as the waiter times out or gets a
signal. Could this interleaving happen?

CPU1 (SPI completion)
ca8210_spi_transfer_complete()
  ca8210_rx_done()
    if (priv->sync_command_response)   <- sees the caller's buffer

CPU2 (a sync caller such as mlme_reset_request_sync())
ca8210_spi_exchange()
  wait_for_completion_interruptible_timeout() returns 0 or -ERESTARTSYS
  priv->sync_command_response = NULL;
  returns, and the on-stack response buffer goes out of scope

CPU1
    memcpy(priv->sync_command_response, buf, len);

That would write up to sizeof(struct mac_message) bytes supplied by the
device into a stack frame that the caller no longer owns.

Also, ca8210_spi_exchange() callers are not serialized by any mutex. Can
two concurrent synchronous callers overwrite each other's
sync_command_response and sync_exchange_complete? If so, one caller's
reply could land in the other caller's buffer.

[Severity: High]
This isn't a bug introduced by this patch, but can ca8210_rx_done() sleep
in a context where sleeping is not allowed?

The only caller of ca8210_rx_done() is ca8210_spi_transfer_complete().
ca8210_spi_transfer() installs that function as the spi_async() completion
callback:

	cas_ctl->msg.complete = ca8210_spi_transfer_complete;
	...
	status = spi_async(spi, &cas_ctl->msg);

The spi_async() kernel-doc in drivers/spi/spi.c says:

 * The completion callback is invoked in a context which can't sleep.

When ca8210_rx_done() receives SPI_MCPS_DATA_CONFIRM with
IEEE802154_TRANSACTION_OVERFLOW, it does this:

		if (buf[3] == IEEE802154_TRANSACTION_OVERFLOW) {
			...
			msleep(2000);
			...
			mlme_reset_wpc = kmalloc_obj(*mlme_reset_wpc);

Some controllers finalize messages from IRQ or tasklet context. Would this
trigger "scheduling while atomic" there?

Other controllers finalize from the message pump kthread. There, it looks
like this would stall the SPI bus for two seconds.

[Severity: Low]
This is a pre-existing issue, but ca8210_spi_transfer_complete() dumps the
received buffer using the device's length byte without checking it. That
happens before ca8210_rx_done() reaches the new check:

	if (duplex_rx) {
		dev_dbg(&priv->spi->dev, "READ CMD DURING TX\n");
		for (i = 0; i < cas_ctl->tx_in_buf[1] + 2; i++)
			dev_dbg(
				&priv->spi->dev,
				"%#03x\n",
				cas_ctl->tx_in_buf[i]
			);
		ca8210_rx_done(cas_ctl);
	}

If tx_in_buf[1] == 0xff, does i reach 256 and read tx_in_buf[256]? That is
one byte past the end of the CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE array.

This only happens when the dev_dbg() call site is enabled. The loop also
prints bytes beyond the sizeof(struct mac_message) bytes that the transfer
actually received.

Should this loop be limited to sizeof(struct mac_message) as well?

-- 
Sashiko AI review · https://netdev-ai.bots.linux.dev/sashiko/#/patchset/20260930071914.421586-1-benquike%40gmail.com

Re: [PATCH net v3 1/3] ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in ca8210_rx_done()

[Miquel Raynal]

> Check len > sizeof(struct mac_message) instead of
> len > CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE in ca8210_rx_done() so that any packet exceeding
> sizeof(struct mac_message) is logged as erroneously long via dev_crit()
> and dropped before copying into priv->sync_command_response or passing it
> to ca8210_net_rx().
>
> Tested in QEMU with KASAN enabled by passing a 256-byte SPI_SYN response
> into ca8210_rx_done().
>
> Fixes: ded845a781a5 ("ieee802154: Add CA8210 IEEE 802.15.4 device driver")
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Assisted-by: LLM
> Signed-off-by: Hui Peng <benquike@gmail.com>

Reviewed-by: Miquel Raynal <miquel.raynal@bootlin.com>

[PATCH net v3 0/3] ieee802154: ca8210: fix stack and slab out-of-bounds accesses

[Hui Peng]

This series fixes three out-of-bounds access bugs in the Cascoda CA8210
IEEE 802.15.4 driver:

1. Reject received SPI packets with len > sizeof(struct mac_message) in
   ca8210_rx_done() instead of checking len > CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE (256),
   preventing a stack buffer overflow when copying a synchronous response
   into priv->sync_command_response (a struct mac_message on the caller's
   stack) and matching the actual SPI transfer length
   (cas_ctl->transfer.len = sizeof(struct mac_message)).
2. Initialize lenvar = 1 in ca8210_get_ed() and validate
   hw_attribute_length against *hw_attribute_length in
   hwme_get_request_sync() before memcpy() to prevent overflowing the
   caller's stack buffer.
3. Validate the received SPI frame length len upfront at the start of
   ca8210_skb_rx() before reading data_ind or allocating the skb.

Changes in v3:
- Patch 1/3: Check len > sizeof(struct mac_message) in ca8210_rx_done()
  where dev_crit() logs "Received packet len (%u) erroneously long" and
  drops the packet, instead of silently truncating the memcpy() with
  min_t(), addressing David Laight's feedback.

Changes in v2:
- Split the ca8210 fixes into three single-issue patches (1/3..3/3) and
  addressed Miquel Raynal's review comments on patches 2/3 and 3/3.

Hui Peng (3):
  ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in ca8210_rx_done()
  ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in
    hwme_get_request_sync()
  ieee802154: ca8210: validate data_ind length upfront in
    ca8210_skb_rx()

 drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

-- 
2.49.0

[PATCH net v3 1/3] ieee802154: ca8210: prevent stack buffer overflow in ca8210_rx_done()

[Hui Peng]

In ca8210_spi_transfer(), each SPI transfer reads
sizeof(struct mac_message) bytes into cas_ctl->tx_in_buf:

  cas_ctl->transfer.len = sizeof(struct mac_message);

However, ca8210_rx_done() only checks the received packet length
len = buf[1] + 2 against CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE (256). When buf[0] & SPI_SYN
is set and priv->sync_command_response is non-NULL, memcpy() copies up to
256 bytes into priv->sync_command_response, which points to a
struct mac_message object on the synchronous caller's stack, overflowing
the stack buffer:

  BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in ca8210_rx_done+0x117/0x6c0
  Write of size 256 at addr ffff8881009e7c40 by task swapper/0/1
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   dump_stack_lvl+0x70/0xa0
   print_report+0x153/0x4c6
   kasan_report+0xf1/0x120
   kasan_check_range+0x125/0x200
   __asan_memcpy+0x3c/0x60
   ca8210_rx_done+0x117/0x6c0
  ...
  This frame has 1 object:
   [32, 182) 'response'

Check len > sizeof(struct mac_message) instead of
len > CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE in ca8210_rx_done() so that any packet exceeding
sizeof(struct mac_message) is logged as erroneously long via dev_crit()
and dropped before copying into priv->sync_command_response or passing it
to ca8210_net_rx().

Tested in QEMU with KASAN enabled by passing a 256-byte SPI_SYN response
into ca8210_rx_done().

Fixes: ded845a781a5 ("ieee802154: Add CA8210 IEEE 802.15.4 device driver")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Assisted-by: LLM
Signed-off-by: Hui Peng <benquike@gmail.com>
---
Changes in v3:
- Check len > sizeof(struct mac_message) at the top of ca8210_rx_done()
  where dev_crit() logs the error and drops the packet instead of silently
  truncating memcpy() with min_t(), addressing David Laight's feedback.

Changes in v2:
- Split the ca8210 fixes into three single-issue patches (1/3..3/3).

 drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
index 01af4f9..a990a0f 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ieee802154/ca8210.c
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ static void ca8210_rx_done(struct cas_control *cas_ctl)
 
 	buf = cas_ctl->tx_in_buf;
 	len = buf[1] + 2;
-	if (len > CA8210_SPI_BUF_SIZE) {
+	if (len > sizeof(struct mac_message)) {
 		dev_crit(
 			&priv->spi->dev,
 			"Received packet len (%u) erroneously long\n",
-- 
2.49.0