[PATCH 1/7] dt-bindings: leds: pca995x: describe reset-gpios property

[PATCH 1/7] dt-bindings: leds: pca995x: describe reset-gpios property

[Nora Schiffer]

The PCA995x has a reset pin. Allow describing it in the Device Tree.

Signed-off-by: Nora Schiffer <nora.schiffer@ew.tq-group.com>
---
 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/nxp,pca995x.yaml | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/nxp,pca995x.yaml b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/nxp,pca995x.yaml
index ab8c90cbadb5c..201f32f1b8139 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/nxp,pca995x.yaml
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/nxp,pca995x.yaml
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ properties:
   "#size-cells":
     const: 0
 
+  reset-gpios:
+    maxItems: 1
+
 patternProperties:
   "^led@[0-9a-f]+$":
     type: object
@@ -54,6 +57,7 @@ additionalProperties: false
 
 examples:
   - |
+    #include <dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h>
     #include <dt-bindings/leds/common.h>
 
     i2c {
@@ -65,6 +69,7 @@ examples:
             reg = <0x01>;
             #address-cells = <1>;
             #size-cells = <0>;
+            reset-gpios = <&gpio2 5 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
 
             led@0 {
                 reg = <0x0>;
-- 
TQ-Systems GmbH | Mühlstraße 2, Gut Delling | 82229 Seefeld, Germany
Amtsgericht München, HRB 105018
Geschäftsführer: Detlef Schneider, Rüdiger Stahl, Stefan Schneider
https://www.tq-group.com/

[PATCH 2/7] dt-bindings: leds: pca995x: describe output-gain property

[Nora Schiffer]

Allow configuring the output current to adjust for different hardware
designs.

Signed-off-by: Nora Schiffer <nora.schiffer@ew.tq-group.com>
---
 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/nxp,pca995x.yaml | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/nxp,pca995x.yaml b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/nxp,pca995x.yaml
index 201f32f1b8139..7569e1b8a38fa 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/nxp,pca995x.yaml
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/nxp,pca995x.yaml
@@ -36,6 +36,14 @@ properties:
   "#size-cells":
     const: 0
 
+  output-gain:
+    description:
+      Set the output gain controlling the LED current as described in the
+      PCA995x datasheets.
+    $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32
+    default: 128
+    maximum: 255
+
   reset-gpios:
     maxItems: 1
 
-- 
TQ-Systems GmbH | Mühlstraße 2, Gut Delling | 82229 Seefeld, Germany
Amtsgericht München, HRB 105018
Geschäftsführer: Detlef Schneider, Rüdiger Stahl, Stefan Schneider
https://www.tq-group.com/

[PATCH 3/7] leds: pca995x: add support for reset GPIO

[Nora Schiffer]

The PCA995x has a reset pin. Use it to reset the LED driver if provided
in the Device Tree.

Signed-off-by: Nora Schiffer <nora.schiffer@ew.tq-group.com>
---
 drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c b/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
index fee6216cd1bd0..8eb9847b9709f 100644
--- a/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
+++ b/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
  * Copyright 2023 Marek Vasut
  */
 
+#include <linux/gpio.h>
 #include <linux/i2c.h>
 #include <linux/leds.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ static int pca995x_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
 	struct fwnode_handle *led_fwnodes[PCA995X_MAX_OUTPUTS] = { 0 };
 	struct device *dev = &client->dev;
 	const struct pca995x_chipdef *chipdef;
+	struct gpio_desc *reset_gpio;
 	struct pca995x_chip *chip;
 	struct pca995x_led *led;
 	int i, j, reg, ret;
@@ -130,6 +132,16 @@ static int pca995x_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
 	if (!dev_fwnode(dev))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
+	reset_gpio = devm_gpiod_get_optional(dev, "reset", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+	if (IS_ERR(reset_gpio))
+		return dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(reset_gpio),
+				     "failed to request reset GPIO\n");
+	if (reset_gpio) {
+		usleep_range(3, 4);
+		gpiod_set_value_cansleep(reset_gpio, 0);
+		usleep_range(1500, 1600);
+	}
+
 	chip = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*chip), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!chip)
 		return -ENOMEM;
-- 
TQ-Systems GmbH | Mühlstraße 2, Gut Delling | 82229 Seefeld, Germany
Amtsgericht München, HRB 105018
Geschäftsführer: Detlef Schneider, Rüdiger Stahl, Stefan Schneider
https://www.tq-group.com/

[PATCH 4/7] leds: pca995x: make output gain configurable

[Nora Schiffer]

The output gain linearly configures the LED current in 255 levels; the
absolute current depends on both the gain value and the R_ext resistor
connected to the LED driver. Make the gain configurable in the Device
Tree instead of hardcoding it to 128, allowing to adjust the current
for different hardware designs.

Signed-off-by: Nora Schiffer <nora.schiffer@ew.tq-group.com>
---
 drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c b/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
index 8eb9847b9709f..b069b93d39a54 100644
--- a/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
+++ b/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ static int pca995x_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
 	struct pca995x_chip *chip;
 	struct pca995x_led *led;
 	int i, j, reg, ret;
+	u32 iref;
 
 	chipdef = device_get_match_data(&client->dev);
 
@@ -153,6 +154,11 @@ static int pca995x_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
 
 	i2c_set_clientdata(client, chip);
 
+	if (device_property_read_u32(dev, "output-gain", &iref))
+		iref = PCA995X_IREFALL_HALF_CFG;
+	else if (iref > PCA995X_IREFALL_FULL_CFG)
+		return dev_err_probe(dev, -EINVAL, "invalid output-gain\n");
+
 	device_for_each_child_node_scoped(dev, child) {
 		ret = fwnode_property_read_u32(child, "reg", &reg);
 		if (ret)
@@ -195,7 +201,7 @@ static int pca995x_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
 		return ret;
 
 	/* IREF Output current value for all LEDn outputs */
-	return regmap_write(chip->regmap, chipdef->irefall, PCA995X_IREFALL_HALF_CFG);
+	return regmap_write(chip->regmap, chipdef->irefall, iref);
 }
 
 static const struct i2c_device_id pca995x_id[] = {
-- 
TQ-Systems GmbH | Mühlstraße 2, Gut Delling | 82229 Seefeld, Germany
Amtsgericht München, HRB 105018
Geschäftsführer: Detlef Schneider, Rüdiger Stahl, Stefan Schneider
https://www.tq-group.com/

[PATCH 5/7] leds: pca995x: add sysfs files for error reporting

[Nora Schiffer]

The PCA995x has builtin failure detection. Provide sysfs files for
individual LED status (reporting "okay", "short-circuit" or
"open-circuit") as well as a global "has_errors" flag. has_errors is
sticky and must be cleared by writing "clear" to the sysfs file.

Signed-off-by: Nora Schiffer <nora.schiffer@ew.tq-group.com>
---
 drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c | 103 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 102 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c b/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
index b069b93d39a54..2232b74528a53 100644
--- a/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
+++ b/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
  * Copyright 2023 Marek Vasut
  */
 
+#include <linux/bits.h>
 #include <linux/gpio.h>
 #include <linux/i2c.h>
 #include <linux/leds.h>
@@ -23,6 +24,9 @@
 /* Auto-increment disabled. Normal mode */
 #define PCA995X_MODE1_CFG		0x00
 
+#define PCA995X_MODE2_CLRERR		BIT(4)
+#define PCA995X_MODE2_ERROR		BIT(6)
+
 /* LED select registers determine the source that drives LED outputs */
 #define PCA995X_LED_OFF			0x0
 #define PCA995X_LED_ON			0x1
@@ -36,30 +40,37 @@
 #define PCA995X_IREFALL_FULL_CFG	0xFF
 #define PCA995X_IREFALL_HALF_CFG	(PCA995X_IREFALL_FULL_CFG / 2)
 
+#define PCA995X_EFLAG_BITS		2
+#define PCA995X_EFLAG_MASK		GENMASK(1, 0)
+
 #define ldev_to_led(c)	container_of(c, struct pca995x_led, ldev)
 
 struct pca995x_chipdef {
 	unsigned int num_leds;
 	u8 pwm_base;
 	u8 irefall;
+	u8 eflag_base;
 };
 
 static const struct pca995x_chipdef pca9952_chipdef = {
 	.num_leds	= 16,
 	.pwm_base	= 0x0a,
 	.irefall	= 0x43,
+	.eflag_base	= 0x44,
 };
 
 static const struct pca995x_chipdef pca9955b_chipdef = {
 	.num_leds	= 16,
 	.pwm_base	= 0x08,
 	.irefall	= 0x45,
+	.eflag_base	= 0x46,
 };
 
 static const struct pca995x_chipdef pca9956b_chipdef = {
 	.num_leds	= 24,
 	.pwm_base	= 0x0a,
 	.irefall	= 0x40,
+	.eflag_base	= 0x41,
 };
 
 struct pca995x_led {
@@ -111,6 +122,83 @@ static int pca995x_brightness_set(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
 	}
 }
 
+static ssize_t status_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct led_classdev *led_cdev = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+	struct pca995x_led *led = ldev_to_led(led_cdev);
+	struct pca995x_chip *chip = led->chip;
+	const struct pca995x_chipdef *chipdef = chip->chipdef;
+	const char *status = "unknown";
+	unsigned int val;
+	int shift, ret;
+	u8 reg;
+
+	reg = chipdef->eflag_base + (led->led_no / PCA995X_OUTPUTS_PER_REG);
+	shift = PCA995X_EFLAG_BITS * (led->led_no % PCA995X_OUTPUTS_PER_REG);
+
+	ret = regmap_read(chip->regmap, reg, &val);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	switch ((val >> shift) & PCA995X_EFLAG_MASK) {
+	case 0:
+		status = "okay";
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		status = "short-circuit";
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		status = "open-circuit";
+	}
+
+	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", status);
+}
+
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(status);
+
+static struct attribute *pca995x_led_attrs[] = {
+	&dev_attr_status.attr,
+	NULL,
+};
+ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(pca995x_led);
+
+static ssize_t has_errors_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct pca995x_chip *chip = i2c_get_clientdata(to_i2c_client(dev));
+	unsigned int val;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = regmap_read(chip->regmap, PCA995X_MODE2, &val);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+
+	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n", !!(val & PCA995X_MODE2_ERROR));
+}
+
+static ssize_t has_errors_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+				const char *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	struct pca995x_chip *chip = i2c_get_clientdata(to_i2c_client(dev));
+	int ret;
+
+	if (strcmp(buf, "clear\n"))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	ret = regmap_update_bits(chip->regmap, PCA995X_MODE2,
+				 PCA995X_MODE2_CLRERR, PCA995X_MODE2_CLRERR);
+
+	return ret ?: count;
+}
+
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(has_errors);
+
+static struct attribute *pca995x_attrs[] = {
+	&dev_attr_has_errors.attr,
+	NULL,
+};
+ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(pca995x);
+
 static const struct regmap_config pca995x_regmap = {
 	.reg_bits = 8,
 	.val_bits = 8,
@@ -173,6 +261,7 @@ static int pca995x_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
 		led->led_no = reg;
 		led->ldev.brightness_set_blocking = pca995x_brightness_set;
 		led->ldev.max_brightness = 255;
+		led->ldev.groups = pca995x_led_groups;
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < PCA995X_MAX_OUTPUTS; i++) {
@@ -201,7 +290,18 @@ static int pca995x_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
 		return ret;
 
 	/* IREF Output current value for all LEDn outputs */
-	return regmap_write(chip->regmap, chipdef->irefall, iref);
+	ret = regmap_write(chip->regmap, chipdef->irefall, iref);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return sysfs_create_groups(&dev->kobj, pca995x_groups);
+}
+
+static void pca995x_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
+{
+	struct device *dev = &client->dev;
+
+	return sysfs_remove_groups(&dev->kobj, pca995x_groups);
 }
 
 static const struct i2c_device_id pca995x_id[] = {
@@ -226,6 +326,7 @@ static struct i2c_driver pca995x_driver = {
 		.of_match_table = pca995x_of_match,
 	},
 	.probe = pca995x_probe,
+	.remove = pca995x_remove,
 	.id_table = pca995x_id,
 };
 module_i2c_driver(pca995x_driver);
-- 
TQ-Systems GmbH | Mühlstraße 2, Gut Delling | 82229 Seefeld, Germany
Amtsgericht München, HRB 105018
Geschäftsführer: Detlef Schneider, Rüdiger Stahl, Stefan Schneider
https://www.tq-group.com/

[PATCH 6/7] leds: pca995x: do not use full on LED mode

[Nora Schiffer]

LEDs in full on mode are unaffected by group dimming. Avoid using it,
so group dimming is applied consistently.

This slightly changes the brightness at maximum (from 100% to 255/256
duty cycle), which should be imperceptible; arguably it is also more
consistent with the other brightness levels, as it will now scale
linearly from 0/256 to 255/256 over the whole range.

Signed-off-by: Nora Schiffer <nora.schiffer@ew.tq-group.com>
---
 drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c | 33 ++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c b/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
index 2232b74528a53..62f2764661b9d 100644
--- a/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
+++ b/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
@@ -98,28 +98,23 @@ static int pca995x_brightness_set(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
 	ledout_addr = PCA995X_LEDOUT0 + (led->led_no / PCA995X_OUTPUTS_PER_REG);
 	shift = PCA995X_LDRX_BITS * (led->led_no % PCA995X_OUTPUTS_PER_REG);
 
-	switch (brightness) {
-	case LED_FULL:
-		return regmap_update_bits(chip->regmap, ledout_addr,
-					  PCA995X_LDRX_MASK << shift,
-					  PCA995X_LED_ON << shift);
-	case LED_OFF:
+	if (brightness == LED_OFF) {
 		return regmap_update_bits(chip->regmap, ledout_addr,
 					  PCA995X_LDRX_MASK << shift, 0);
-	default:
-		/* Adjust brightness as per user input by changing individual PWM */
-		ret = regmap_write(chip->regmap, pwmout_addr, brightness);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-
-		/*
-		 * Change LDRx configuration to individual brightness via PWM.
-		 * LED will stop blinking if it's doing so.
-		 */
-		return regmap_update_bits(chip->regmap, ledout_addr,
-					  PCA995X_LDRX_MASK << shift,
-					  PCA995X_LED_PWM_MODE << shift);
 	}
+
+	/* Adjust brightness as per user input by changing individual PWM */
+	ret = regmap_write(chip->regmap, pwmout_addr, brightness);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * Change LDRx configuration to individual brightness via PWM.
+	 * LED will stop blinking if it's doing so.
+	 */
+	return regmap_update_bits(chip->regmap, ledout_addr,
+				  PCA995X_LDRX_MASK << shift,
+				  PCA995X_LED_PWM_MODE << shift);
 }
 
 static ssize_t status_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
-- 
TQ-Systems GmbH | Mühlstraße 2, Gut Delling | 82229 Seefeld, Germany
Amtsgericht München, HRB 105018
Geschäftsführer: Detlef Schneider, Rüdiger Stahl, Stefan Schneider
https://www.tq-group.com/

[PATCH 7/7] leds: pca995x: add support for group brightness control

[Nora Schiffer]

When LEDs are set to PWM mode with group control enabled, their
brightness can control using a global "group PWM" setting, modulating
the individual LEDs' brightness with a second PWM running at a different
frequency. This lowers the minimum duty cycle from 1/256 to 1/65536
(averaged over the modulated signal). Group brightness control is
particularly useful to adjust for different levels of ambient light.

For simplicity, group PWM mode is always enabled, with the reset default
of 255 as group brightness. This reduces the effective duty cycle by
1/256 at all individual brightness levels (the individual PWM signals
are modulated with the 255/256 duty cycle group PWM), which should be
imperceptible.

Signed-off-by: Nora Schiffer <nora.schiffer@ew.tq-group.com>
---
 drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c b/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
index 62f2764661b9d..d65c33edc83ab 100644
--- a/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
+++ b/drivers/leds/leds-pca995x.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #define PCA995X_LED_OFF			0x0
 #define PCA995X_LED_ON			0x1
 #define PCA995X_LED_PWM_MODE		0x2
+#define PCA995X_LED_PWM_MODE_GRP	0x3
 #define PCA995X_LDRX_MASK		0x3
 #define PCA995X_LDRX_BITS		2
 
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
 struct pca995x_chipdef {
 	unsigned int num_leds;
 	u8 pwm_base;
+	u8 grppwm;
 	u8 irefall;
 	u8 eflag_base;
 };
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ struct pca995x_chipdef {
 static const struct pca995x_chipdef pca9952_chipdef = {
 	.num_leds	= 16,
 	.pwm_base	= 0x0a,
+	.grppwm		= 0x08,
 	.irefall	= 0x43,
 	.eflag_base	= 0x44,
 };
@@ -62,6 +65,7 @@ static const struct pca995x_chipdef pca9952_chipdef = {
 static const struct pca995x_chipdef pca9955b_chipdef = {
 	.num_leds	= 16,
 	.pwm_base	= 0x08,
+	.grppwm		= 0x06,
 	.irefall	= 0x45,
 	.eflag_base	= 0x46,
 };
@@ -69,6 +73,7 @@ static const struct pca995x_chipdef pca9955b_chipdef = {
 static const struct pca995x_chipdef pca9956b_chipdef = {
 	.num_leds	= 24,
 	.pwm_base	= 0x0a,
+	.grppwm		= 0x08,
 	.irefall	= 0x40,
 	.eflag_base	= 0x41,
 };
@@ -110,11 +115,10 @@ static int pca995x_brightness_set(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
 
 	/*
 	 * Change LDRx configuration to individual brightness via PWM.
-	 * LED will stop blinking if it's doing so.
 	 */
 	return regmap_update_bits(chip->regmap, ledout_addr,
 				  PCA995X_LDRX_MASK << shift,
-				  PCA995X_LED_PWM_MODE << shift);
+				  PCA995X_LED_PWM_MODE_GRP << shift);
 }
 
 static ssize_t status_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
@@ -186,10 +190,41 @@ static ssize_t has_errors_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *att
 	return ret ?: count;
 }
 
+static ssize_t group_brightness_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct pca995x_chip *chip = i2c_get_clientdata(to_i2c_client(dev));
+	unsigned int val;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = regmap_read(chip->regmap, chip->chipdef->grppwm, &val);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", val);
+}
+
+static ssize_t group_brightness_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+				       const char *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	struct pca995x_chip *chip = i2c_get_clientdata(to_i2c_client(dev));
+	u8 val;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = kstrtou8(buf, 0, &val);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = regmap_write(chip->regmap, chip->chipdef->grppwm, val);
+
+	return ret ?: count;
+}
+
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(has_errors);
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(group_brightness);
 
 static struct attribute *pca995x_attrs[] = {
 	&dev_attr_has_errors.attr,
+	&dev_attr_group_brightness.attr,
 	NULL,
 };
 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(pca995x);
-- 
TQ-Systems GmbH | Mühlstraße 2, Gut Delling | 82229 Seefeld, Germany
Amtsgericht München, HRB 105018
Geschäftsführer: Detlef Schneider, Rüdiger Stahl, Stefan Schneider
https://www.tq-group.com/

Re: [PATCH 1/7] dt-bindings: leds: pca995x: describe reset-gpios property

[Krzysztof Kozlowski]

On Wed, Sep 02, 2026 at 02:22:09PM +0200, Nora Schiffer wrote:
> The PCA995x has a reset pin. Allow describing it in the Device Tree.

Use specific model numbers, so it is easier to verify.

Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com>

Best regards,
Krzysztof